I placed large boulders along the edges of the aquarium. The stone in the right corner rises slightly above the water, and on it, in contact with the water, I placed a ready-made clump of plants taken from a similar stone in the river. The base of this clump consists of young willow shoots and their roots, which hold a small amount of soil and several types of herbaceous plants. The space between the stones at the back of the aquarium represents the exit from the shallow micro-bay, a ‘window’ into the deeper, main channel with a stronger current. This current is simulated by the flow along the back wall from the filter outlets, partially hidden behind the right group of stones (for the photo shoot, the outlets had to be removed, and the filters were turned off).
The fish, plants, invertebrates, and most of the stones and substrate were collected from the same river, but in another similar area where collecting is permitted. The stones were collected with their living coverings (Aufwuchs) intact. During the aquarium setup, I used water from the river to preserve as much of the original microflora as possible, gradually adapting it to tap water. Of course, over time, the composition and appearance of the growths on the stones have changed.
The aquarium features three large and very heavy boulders. To protect the glass bottom, I used a substrate under the stones, consisting of a combination of 15mm thick camping foam (on the bottom) and 10mm thick polyethylene cutting boards (on top).
The genus Capoeta is typical for Turkey, with a large diversity of species (around 17 species) found here. In the rivers of central and southern Turkey, Capoeta species often dominate, and in some cases, they are the almost sole fish species in their habitats. Naturally, I wanted to include them in my aquarium. The main challenge is that many species are too large for home aquariums. The Taurus scraper (Capoeta caelestis) found in the Ermenek River, according to available data (which is limited and somewhat inaccurate), does not grow larger than 20 cm; however, I have observed and photographed specimens much larger in the river. I collected very young fish for the aquarium, understanding that they might eventually outgrow the tank, at which point I will return them to their original habitat.
In this section of the Ermenek Creek, aside from the scrapers, I was able to find only one other fish species – Pseudorasbora parva. I also could not find sources reliably confirming the presence of any other fish species in this specific part of the stream. Furthermore, discovering Pseudorasbora parva was unexpected for me – I had not read anywhere that it was present in the Ermenek Creek. As this species is invasive, I decided not to include it in the aquarium.
The river has many Levantine freshwater crabs (Potamon potamios), which are very interesting to me and would have greatly enhanced the aquarium when they were young. However, as they grow, they would become increasingly dangerous to the fish. Additionally, it would be technically challenging to prevent their escape in my aquarium.
I also introduced a group of Luciobarbus pectoralis into the aquarium, despite this species not being present in that specific location. However, Luciobarbus pectoralis are found further downstream in the Ermenek Creek, and although this species is more adapted to calmer waters and soft substrates, they are observed in the same rocky rapids together Capoeta caelestis. I was very interested in observing these somewhat similar species, which are very typical of local rivers, but which also exhibit clear differences in their feeding specialization.
The most characteristic feeding behavior of the scrapers involves sharp strikes with their lower lip, which is adapted into a hard, pointed “scraper” to remove biofilm from rocks. In contrast, the barbs prefer to search for food in soft substrates and among rocks.
In the aquarium, the fish are completely peaceful, both towards their own species and other species.
The main diet of Scrapers in the wild consists of “aufwuchs” (biofilm) on rocks, which they scrape off — knocking it off — with their lower lip, which has evolved into a cartilaginous scraper. Their diet also includes some invertebrates, mainly Gammarus species and larvae of mayflies and caddisflies. I’ve noticed that they prefer tender unicellular biofilms, while they aren’t very fond of filamentous algae, even young sprouts. Barbels species, on the other hand, are predominantly carnivorous.
I feed the fish dry food for African cichlids based on spirulina, nori seaweed (in the form of sheets for sushi rolls), frozen cyclops and brine shrimp, as well as minced seafood. In my experience, this diet effectively ensures complete and safe feeding for fish with different dietary needs.
Fishlist:
- Capoeta caelestis (Cyprinidae)
- Luciobarbus pectoralis (Cyprinidae)
Molluscs:
- Melanopsis costata (Melanopsidae)
