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Flooded small forest stream, Ucayali River, Peru

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Peru, San José, Requena

The Río Ucayali is the main headstream of the Amazon River. It rises about 110km north of Lake Titicaca, in the Arequipa region of Peru and becomes the Amazon at the confluence of the Marañón close to Nauta city. The city of Pucallpa is located on the banks of the Ucayali.

The Río Ucayali, together with the Apurímac River, the Ene River and the Tambo River, is today considered the main headwater of the Amazon River, totaling a length of 2,669.9km from the source of the Apurímac at Nevado Mismi to the confluence of the Ucayali and Marañón Rivers:

The Ucayali was first called San Miguel, then Ucayali, Ucayare, Poro, Apu-Poro, Cocama and Rio de Cuzco. Peru has organised many costly and ably-conducted expeditions to explore it. One of them (1867) claimed to have reached within 380km of Lima, and the little steamer “Napo” found its way up the violent currents for 124km above the junction.

Submitted by
Arif Hikmet Başeğmez
Approved by
Roberto E. Reis & Pablo C. Lehmann
GPS
-5.2086940, -73.8952255
Geographical region
South America
Drainage Basin
Rio Amazonas
River catchment
Río Ucayali
Water body type
Creek
Water body name
Forest stream
Water body part
Flood plain
Water body course
Lower course
Water body: tributary of
Rio
Tributary name
Ucayali

Videos above and below water


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Water Chemistry

Water information

Water type
fresh-water
Water color
Mixed water
Water transparency
Medium
Concentration of sediments
Low
Water temperature
°C
Water flow/curent
Slow

Chemical parameters

pH
6.0
Conductivity
30
GH
53.4 mg/l
dGH
KH
0
dKH
Dissolved Oxygen

Substrate in nature

Sand
White
Pebble/Gravel
Stone
Stone form
Silt/Mud
Leaves
Many
Driftwood
Many
Submerged terrestrial vegetation

Aquatic Biotope

Date of collecting
Collecting area
Water depth
Air temperature
Sunlight

Environment

Environment
Affected by human activity
Affected by human activity
Agriculture
Agriculture
Advanced
Surrounding area

There are forest areas around the Ucayali River, which passes through the Southern Requena region, and large and small rivers and floodplain forest streams that feed this river. It has a warmer climate than the Upper Ucayali basin. The rivers passing through the region are relatively cleaner and with less current.

Underwater landscape

An underwater landscape dominated by fallen leaves and dead botanicals. There is also light, white and cream-coloured fine sand on the ground, plenty of driftwood and green meadows before the flood. It is not a region rich in underwater flora.

Fishlist:

  • Hoplisoma trilineatus (Callichthydae)
  • Hoplisoma panda (Callichthydae)
  • Apistogramma cacatuoides (Cichlidae)
  • Apistogramma agassizi (Cichlidae)
  • Paracheirodon innesi (Characidae)
  • Laetacara thayeri (Cichlidae)

Wetland plants:

  • Eleocharis sp. (Cyperaceae)

Aquatic plants:

  • Hydrocharis laevigata (Hydrocharitaceae)
  • Pistia stratiotes (Araceae)
Threats to ecology

Considered one of the “mother” rivers of the Amazon river, the Ucayali and its biotopes (as well as some rivers of the Amazon basin) are in degradation. The construction of large water dams, the rampant exploration of oil, the extraction of precious/heavy metals, and even the local capture and fishing of the riverside inhabitants when uncontrolled and conscious, slowly annihilates the local population of the specimens.

Riparian zone

Trees near the aquatic habitat
Many -