Haloragaceae
Above water the foliage of Myriophyllum brasiliense is feathery and brilliant green, carried on conspicuous red stems.
The foliage beneath the water is a different form with a deeper reddish colour. Red Stemmed Parrots Feather has a vigorous growth habit , its dense stems and foliage forming useful shelter for underwater wildlife.
This versatile perennial is an effective oxygenating aquatic.
Myriophyllum aquaticum thrives in a well-balanced, clean, and brightly lit aquarium. Strong full-spectrum lighting (between 5000 and 7000 K) is essential to promote dense, vibrant growth and maintain the bright glaucous-green coloration of its feathery leaves. The plant can grow both submerged and emergent, so high light intensity and a photoperiod of about 10–12 hours per day are recommended.
A nutrient-rich substrate, such as fine gravel or aquatic soil, provides good anchorage and supplies essential nutrients to the roots. When planted in inert substrates, root tabs or substrate fertilisers should be added to sustain healthy root development. Although M. aquaticum can also grow freely in the water column, establishing roots enhances its oxygenating and filtering capacity.
Moderate water movement is ideal, achieved through efficient filtration that keeps the water clean and well-oxygenated while preventing debris from settling on the fine leaves. Excessive current should be avoided, as it may damage the delicate emergent foliage.
While the plant does not strictly require CO₂ supplementation, adding liquid carbon or a CO₂ injection system significantly improves growth rate, density, and colour intensity, especially under high lighting. Regular dosing of liquid fertilisers rich in macro- and micronutrients—particularly nitrogen, potassium, and iron—supports continuous growth and prevents nutrient deficiencies.
The optimal water temperature ranges between 20 and 28 °C, with a pH of 6.0 to 8.0 and moderate hardness. Stability in water parameters is more important than precision.
Because Myriophyllum aquaticum grows rapidly and can extend above the surface, it is best positioned in the background or along tank edges where it has room to expand vertically. In open-top aquaria, its emergent stems can form attractive, natural-looking floating mats that provide shelter and breeding grounds for fry and small aquatic organisms.
Myriophyllum aquaticum is a robust and adaptable aquatic plant, but it requires proper maintenance to thrive and maintain its characteristic lush appearance. Regular pruning is essential, as the species grows quickly and can easily reach the surface, where it spreads horizontally to form dense mats. Trimming the upper stems encourages bushy lateral growth and prevents shading of lower plants in the aquarium.
Propagation is simple and achieved by cutting healthy stem sections and replanting them in the substrate. Each cutting will quickly develop roots and establish itself, forming a new plant. When replanting, it is advisable to space stems a few centimetres apart to ensure sufficient light and water circulation around the base.
The plant prefers clean, well-oxygenated water and should be kept free of debris, as fine sediments can accumulate on its delicate leaves and hinder photosynthesis. Gentle water movement from a filter outlet or air diffuser helps keep the foliage clean.
Supplementation with liquid fertilisers containing essential macro- and micronutrients supports continuous, healthy growth. Occasional addition of CO₂ – either through injection or liquid carbon –can greatly enhance leaf density and colour vibrancy, especially under strong lighting.
Although tolerant of a wide range of conditions, M. aquaticum shows its best form under moderate to high light, stable temperature (20-28 °C), and slightly acidic to neutral water. Periodic thinning of overgrown stems helps maintain a balanced ecosystem and prevents excessive nutrient uptake that might deprive slower-growing plants.
In well-maintained aquaria, Myriophyllum aquaticum not only contributes to aesthetic appeal with its pine-like foliage but also provides valuable shelter and spawning grounds for fry and small aquatic species, enhancing the natural dynamics of the planted biotope.
Myriophyllum aquaticum thrives in clean, clear, and well-oxygenated water, conditions similar to its natural habitats of slow-flowing streams, ponds, and marshes. Maintaining excellent water quality is crucial for the plant’s health and for preserving its role as a natural oxygenator within the aquarium ecosystem.
Regular partial water changes—about 25-30% every one to two weeks—help remove dissolved organics and excess nutrients, preventing algae growth on the fine leaves. A good filtration system with biological and mechanical media ensures stable parameters and adequate circulation without creating excessive current, which can damage the delicate emergent foliage.
The optimal water parameters for M. aquaticum are:
Because the plant absorbs nutrients directly from the water through its leaves, regular dosing of liquid fertilisers containing nitrogen, potassium, iron, and trace elements is beneficial. Avoid sudden fluctuations in temperature or pH, as these can stress the plant and cause lower leaf loss.
Stable, oxygen-rich, and slightly nutrient-rich conditions encourage Myriophyllum aquaticum to produce vigorous, bright green growth and to form dense underwater stands that enhance biological filtration and provide shelter for aquatic life.
