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Moliwe River, Southwest Region, Cameroon

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Cameroon, Southwest Region, Fako Division, near Limbe

The Moliwe River is a clear, slow to moderately flowing stream located in the coastal lowlands of southwestern Cameroon. It flows through a mix of forest and farmland. The water is neutral to slightly alkaline (pH 6.8-7.5) with moderate hardness and conductivity. The substrate consists mostly of sand and gravel, with little leaf litter or wood.

Due to the open banks, light penetration is relatively high, allowing for patches of aquatic vegetation. Grasses and emergent plants line the river’s edges. The river is home to West African fish species such as Pelvicachromis taeniatus “Moliwe”, Aphyosemion australe, and small barbs. These species thrive in well-oxygenated, mineral-rich waters with stable parameters and natural shelter from rocks and plants.

Submitted by
Frank Reinders
Approved by
Ad Konings & Anton Lamboj
GPS
4.0814834, 9.2904634
Geographical region
Central Africa
Drainage Basin
Atlantic ocean
River catchment
Moliwe River
Water body type
Stream
Water body name
Moliwe River
Water body part
Flood plain
Water body course
Headwaters
Water body: tributary of
Tributary name

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Water Chemistry

Water information

Water type
fresh-water
Water color
Clear water
Water transparency
Medium
Concentration of sediments
Low
Water temperature
26-28 °C
Water flow/curent
Strong

Chemical parameters

pH
7.5
Conductivity
GH
71 mg/l
dGH
KH
3 mg/l
dKH
Dissolved Oxygen

Substrate in nature

Sand
Beige
Pebble/Gravel
Beige
Stone
Reddish
Stone form
Irregular
Silt/Mud
Reddish
Leaves
Few
Driftwood
Few
Submerged terrestrial vegetation
None

Aquatic Biotope

Date of collecting
2008-2019
Collecting area
River bank
Water depth
0,5m
Air temperature
30 °C
Sunlight
Full sun

Environment

Environment
Affected by human activity
Affected by human activity
Agriculture
Agriculture
Massive
Surrounding area

Riparian vegetation: grasses, occasional shrubs, limited shade

  • Surroundings: formerly tropical rainforest, now largely replaced by oil palm plantations
  • Soil: prone to erosion, sparse root systems
  • Light conditions: full sun, minimal tree cover
Underwater landscape
  • Water depth: approx. 0.5 m
  • Current: strong, prevents sediment deposition
  • Substrate: sand, gravel, rounded stones, occasional algae and cyanobacteria.
  • Water color: clear, transparent.
  • Vegetation: minimal aquatic plants – only Ledermanniella sp. attached to rocks in fast currents.
  • Fish species: e.g., Benitochromis nigrodorsalis, Procatopus similis, Enteromius spp.
  • Crustaceans: Macrobrachium sp. (freshwater shrimp)

Fish list:

  • Benitochromis nigrodorsalis (Cichlidae)
  • Pelvicachromis kribensis (Cichlidae)
  • Procatopus similis (Procatopodidae)
  • Epiplatys infrafasciatus (Nothobranchiidae)
  • Aphyosemion splendopleure (Nothobranchiidae)
  • Enteromius thysi (Cyprinidae)
  • Labeobarbus habereri (Cyprinidae)
  • Enteromius callipterus (Cyprinidae)

Wetland plant:

  • Justicia sp. (Acanthaceae)
  • Culcasia sp. (Araceae)
  • Cyperus sp. (Cyperaceae)
  • Pennisetum purpureum (Poaceae)
  • Drypetes moliwensis (Euphorbiaceae)
Threats to ecology

Deforestation: Loss of the original rainforest; only the headwaters remain forested.

  • Oil palm monocultures: Replacement of native vegetation; promotes erosion and nutrient runoff
  • Eutrophication: Excess nutrients stimulate the growth of algae and cyanobacteria
  • Use of pesticides: Disrupts ecological balance; harms microbial communities
  • Loss of biodiversity: Decline of sensitive species due to deteriorating water quality and habitat fragmentation

Riparian zone

Trees near the aquatic habitat
Few -