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Small stream, near Raidāk River, India

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India, West Bengal / Assam, Raydak Forest

In the Indian part of Brahmaputra river drainage, near Raidāk river, there are some streams that pass through lush agricultural fields (often rice).

They can vary in width between 2-5 m and in depth 30-70 cm, with a crystal clear water, bottom covered by grey sand, fine gravel, few round rocks and wood, and dense growths of marginal and aquatic vegetation [e.g. Hygrophila (possibly Hygrophila balsamica, Hygrophila corymbosa, Hygrophila difformis, Hygrophila lancea or Hygrophila polysperma), Limnophila (possibly Limnophila aquatica, Limnophila aromatica, Limnophila heterophylla, Limnophila indica, Limnophila rugosa or Limnophila sessiliflora), Ottelia (possibly Ottelia alismoides), Rotala (possibly Rotala indica, Rotala rotundifolia, Rotala serpyllifolia or Rotala wallichii) species and mosses of the genera Vesicularia sp. or Amblystegium serpens.

In these areas, it is possible to find the extraordinary Dario dario, together with the Indian shrimp species Caridina babaulti.

Submitted by
Pedro Mendanha Dias
Approved by
Friedrich Bitter & Sven Kullander
GPS
26.5833321, 89.7500000
Geographical region
Southern Asia
Drainage Basin
Brahmaputra basin
River catchment
Riadak River
Water body type
Stream
Water body name
Unknown
Water body part
Water body course
Upper course
Water body: tributary of
River
Tributary name
Raidak

Water Chemistry

Water information

Water type
Fresh water
Water color
Clear water
Water transparency
High
Concentration of sediments
Low
Water temperature
water temperature varies from 16,5 ºC, in the post-monsoon period, until 30 ºC in the pre-monsoon period °C
Water flow/curent
Slow

Chemical parameters

pH
7.2
Conductivity
3.91
GH
KH
Dissolved Oxygen

Substrate in nature

Sand
Grey
Pebble/Gravel
Grey
Stone
Grey
Stone form
Roundish
Silt/Mud
None
Leaves
Few
Driftwood
Few
Submerged terrestrial vegetation
Yes

Aquatic Biotope

Date of collecting
Collecting area
Water depth
Air temperature
Sunlight

Environment

Environment
Affected by human activity
Affected by human activity
Agriculture
Agriculture
Advanced
Surrounding area

Near Raidāk river there are some streams that pass through lush agricultural fields, with few trees.

Underwater landscape

Crystal clear water with slow movement, bottom covered by grey sand and fine gravel, round rocks, few driftwood and dense growths of marginal and aquatic vegetation [e.g. Hygrophila (possibly Hygrophila balsamica, Hygrophila corymbosa, Hygrophila difformis, Hygrophila lancea or Hygrophila polysperma), Limnophila (possibly Limnophila aquatica, Limnophila aromatica, Limnophila heterophylla, Limnophila indica, Limnophila rugosa or Limnophila sessiliflora), Ottelia (possibly Ottelia alismoides), Rotala (possibly Rotala indica, Rotala rotundifolia, Rotala serpyllifolia or Rotala wallichii) species], and mosses of the genera Vesicularia sp. or Amblystegium serpens.

Threats to ecology

In this area, major reasons behind this situation include pollution, discharging industrial effluents, and especially discharged pesticides used in agriculture. All these factors either directly or indirectly harm the fish diversity. Residential and commercial developments including tourism and recreational areas are also affecting many endemic fish and plant species.

Riparian zone

Trees near the aquatic habitat
Few -

Bibliography

  • International Jornal of Basic and Applied Research - The study of correlation between physico-chemical parameters and ichthyofaunal diversity at raidak river flowing through the Coochbehar district of west Bengal, India by Saha, A.; Chandra De, G.; Das, D.
  • Zoological Survey of India - Endemic Animals of India (Vertebrates) by Venkataraman, K.; Chattopadhyay, A.; Subramanian, K. A.
  • Aquarium Plants Publisher - Aquarium Plants by Kasselmann, C.
  • Mergus - Baensch Aquarium Atlas – vol. 1 by Baensch, H. A.; Riehl, R.
  • Aquapress Publishers - Indian Ornamental Fishes – volume 1 by Bleher, H.
  • International Journal of Fisheries ans Aquatic Studies - An inventory of endemic fish species in India with notes on state-wise distribution and conservation measures by Chakraborty, A.; Shaw, R.; Ghosh, K.
  • International Jornal of Applied Research - Evaluation of fish biodiversity in rivers of three districts of eastern Himalayan region for conservation and sustainability by Dey, A.; Sarkar, K.; Barat, S.
  • International Research Journal of Biological Sciences - Review on freshwater fish diversity of Northern West Bengal, India - status, threats and conservation measures by Chakraborty, S.
  • Firefly Books Ltd. - Freshwater Aquarium Fish: a visual reference to the most popular species by Jennings, G.
  • Requena, J. M.; Klotz, W.; Martín, N. - Gambas, Joyas de Acuario
    ISBN 978-84-09-11461-0

Comment by the expert

Friedrich Bitter: Good description of BIN, with views on google maps. Very good description of threats.

Sven Kullander: Excellently researced, with many sources.