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Small stream, near Raidāk River, India
India, West Bengal / Assam, Raydak Forest
In the Indian part of Brahmaputra river drainage, near Raidāk river, there are some streams that pass through lush agricultural fields (often rice).
They can vary in width between 2-5 m and in depth 30-70 cm, with a crystal clear water, bottom covered by grey sand, fine gravel, few round rocks and wood, and dense growths of marginal and aquatic vegetation [e.g. Hygrophila (possibly Hygrophila balsamica, Hygrophila corymbosa, Hygrophila difformis, Hygrophila lancea or Hygrophila polysperma), Limnophila (possibly Limnophila aquatica, Limnophila aromatica, Limnophila heterophylla, Limnophila indica, Limnophila rugosa or Limnophila sessiliflora), Ottelia (possibly Ottelia alismoides), Rotala (possibly Rotala indica, Rotala rotundifolia, Rotala serpyllifolia or Rotala wallichii) species and mosses of the genera Vesicularia sp. or Amblystegium serpens.
In these areas, it is possible to find the extraordinary Dario dario, together with the Indian shrimp species Caridina babaulti.
- Submitted by
- Pedro Mendanha Dias
- Approved by
- Friedrich Bitter & Sven Kullander
- GPS
- 26.5833321, 89.7500000
- Geographical region
- Southern Asia
- Drainage Basin
- Brahmaputra basin
- River catchment
- Riadak River
- Water body type
- Stream
- Water body name
- Unknown
- Water body part
- Water body course
- Upper course
- Water body: tributary of
- River
- Tributary name
- Raidak
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Water Chemistry
Water information
- Water type
- fresh-water
- Water color
- Clear water
- Water transparency
- High
- Concentration of sediments
- Low
- Water temperature
- water temperature varies from 16,5 ºC, in the post-monsoon period, until 30 ºC in the pre-monsoon period °C
- Water flow/curent
- Slow
Chemical parameters
- pH
- 7.2
- Conductivity
- 3.91
- GH
- dGH
- KH
- dKH
- Dissolved Oxygen
Substrate in nature
- Sand
- Grey
- Pebble/Gravel
- Grey
- Stone
- Grey
- Stone form
- Roundish
- Silt/Mud
- None
- Leaves
- Few
- Driftwood
- Few
- Submerged terrestrial vegetation
- Yes
Aquatic Biotope
- Date of collecting
- Collecting area
- Water depth
- Air temperature
- Sunlight
Environment
- Environment
- Affected by human activity
- Affected by human activity
- Agriculture
- Agriculture
- Advanced
- Surrounding area
Near Raidāk river there are some streams that pass through lush agricultural fields, with few trees.
- Underwater landscape
Crystal clear water with slow movement, bottom covered by grey sand and fine gravel, round rocks, few driftwood and dense growths of marginal and aquatic vegetation [e.g. Hygrophila (possibly Hygrophila balsamica, Hygrophila corymbosa, Hygrophila difformis, Hygrophila lancea or Hygrophila polysperma), Limnophila (possibly Limnophila aquatica, Limnophila aromatica, Limnophila heterophylla, Limnophila indica, Limnophila rugosa or Limnophila sessiliflora), Ottelia (possibly Ottelia alismoides), Rotala (possibly Rotala indica, Rotala rotundifolia, Rotala serpyllifolia or Rotala wallichii) species], and mosses of the genera Vesicularia sp. or Amblystegium serpens.
- Threats to ecology
In this area, major reasons behind this situation include pollution, discharging industrial effluents, and especially discharged pesticides used in agriculture. All these factors either directly or indirectly harm the fish diversity. Residential and commercial developments including tourism and recreational areas are also affecting many endemic fish and plant species.
Riparian zone
- Trees near the aquatic habitat
-
Few -
Bibliography
-
International Jornal of Basic and Applied Research - The study of correlation between physico-chemical parameters and ichthyofaunal diversity at raidak river flowing through the Coochbehar district of west Bengal, India
by Saha, A.; Chandra De, G.; Das, D.
-
Zoological Survey of India - Endemic Animals of India (Vertebrates)
by Venkataraman, K.; Chattopadhyay, A.; Subramanian, K. A.
-
Aquarium Plants Publisher - Aquarium Plants
by Kasselmann, C.
-
Mergus - Baensch Aquarium Atlas – vol. 1
by Baensch, H. A.; Riehl, R.
-
Aquapress Publishers - Indian Ornamental Fishes – volume 1
by Bleher, H.
-
International Journal of Fisheries ans Aquatic Studies - An inventory of endemic fish species in India with notes on state-wise distribution and conservation measures
by Chakraborty, A.; Shaw, R.; Ghosh, K.
-
International Jornal of Applied Research - Evaluation of fish biodiversity in rivers of three districts of eastern Himalayan region for conservation and sustainability
by Dey, A.; Sarkar, K.; Barat, S.
-
International Research Journal of Biological Sciences - Review on freshwater fish diversity of Northern West Bengal, India - status, threats and conservation measures
by Chakraborty, S.
-
Firefly Books Ltd. - Freshwater Aquarium Fish: a visual reference to the most popular species
by Jennings, G.
-
Requena, J. M.; Klotz, W.; Martín, N. - Gambas, Joyas de Acuario
ISBN 978-84-09-11461-0
Comment by the expert
Friedrich Bitter: Good description of BIN, with views on google maps. Very good description of threats.
Sven Kullander: Excellently researced, with many sources.
